Everything about
air cargo pallets
Air cargo pallets are the unsung workhorses of global aviation. They make it possible to move vast quantities of freight quickly, safely and efficiently. On this page, we answer common questions about pallets and give you a clear overview of the types you’ll encounter in air transport.
What is an air cargo pallet?
An air cargo pallet is a flat, standardised platform used to load, transport and secure freight inside aircraft. Pallets form part of the ULD system and are designed to fit specific aircraft contours for efficient space use.
On their own, pallets provide a stable base for cargo, but they’re usually combined with, shrink wrap or nets to form a single, manageable unit. Unlike standard shipping pallets, air cargo pallets are built specifically for aviation, meeting strict safety and handling standards.
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Types of air cargo pallets
There are many pallet variations in aviation, but two of the most widely used are the PMC (96" x 125") and the PAG (88" x 125"). These pallets are valued for their strength, standardised dimensions and compatibility with leading aircraft types.
Other pallets exist for niche applications, but PMC and PAG cover the vast majority of global air freight.
Need more in-depth information?
You’ll find all the details in our pallet product brochure.
96 x 125 in
88 x 125 in
Certified air cargo pallets
Because pallets play such a critical role in aviation safety, they must be certified to meet international requirements. Certification ensures a pallet has been designed, manufactured and tested to handle the rigours of air transport without compromising the safety of the aircraft, crew or cargo. All VRR pallets are certified to rigorous airworthiness standards and comply with airline specifications. This means you can rely on them not only for durability and strength but also for seamless acceptance across the global air cargo network.
Why are air cargo pallets important in logistics?
Without pallets, air freight would be slower, less efficient and more expensive. Pallets allow cargo to be pre-assembled into large loads on the ground, then moved seamlessly between trucks, warehouses and aircraft.
Palletised cargo reduces turnaround times and minimises handling risks, but the pallets themselves are also central to flight safety. They ensure cargo does not shift and then either damage the aircraft or move its centre of gravity, leading to control difficulties.
How to choose the right pallet for air freight
When selecting a pallet, consider factors such as:
- Aircraft type:
Does the pallet fit the aircraft’s main or lower deck? Main-deck freighters can accommodate larger pallets. - Cargo weight and volume:
Is the pallet strong enough and large enough for your load? Lightweight pallets can help reduce emissions. - Operational needs:
Do you need durability for heavy rotation and harsh ramp environments or a lighter pallet for specialised loads?
Cargo height is limited by the height of the plane’s deck. On wide-body freighters, it’s around 300 cm (118"). That drops to between 160 cm (63") and 110 cm (43") on passenger planes, depending on the body’s width.
• Weight capacity:
A standard PMC pallet can carry loads up to 6,800 kg (15,000 lb). Always check airline regulations and the aircraft’s Weight and Balance Manual guidelines.
• Footprint:
Air cargo pallet dimensions are standard to ensure global compatibility, but they vary by type. Influencing factors include the airline and the type of aircraft and deck.
Also known as pallet wings or a Rollerised Tine Extender (RTE), a pallet extender is an accessory that increases the usable surface area of a pallet, allowing for larger or more irregularly shaped cargo to be carried safely.
• Nets, covers & shells:
Various types of nets, covers and rigid shells are used with pallets to restrain freight and to protect it from bumps and scratches and environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, dust and moisture
• Straps, tie-down fittings and tensioners:
Used alongside nets, or when nets are not suitable, these specialised accessories provide extra restraint for large/heavy objects. They must be used according to the airline’s instructions.
Frequently asked technical questions
Different pallet types have specific dimensions and are compatible with different aircraft. For example, PMC pallets are suitable for aircraft like the A340, B747 and B777, while PAG pallets best fit the B737, B757 and B767. If you’re unsure, consult the specific aircraft's weight and balance manual or ask one of our sales engineers.
Pallets and containers are identified by a unique 10-digit ULD code, starting with a three-letter prefix that indicates their type (e.g., AAX, HML, LAY, and PMC). Certified pallets always begin with the prefix “P”. The second letter classifies the pallet’s base dimension, and the third letter refers to the pallet’s design standard and compatibility with cargo loading systems (in other words, its certification).
Your cargo must be restrained with a certified net, contour cover or rigid shell. Unrestrained cargo is unsafe and unacceptable for flight. However, there are exceptions, including certain outsized or bulk cargo. In such cases, different authorised restraint systems, such as direct strapping or chains, must be used. The airline will advise you accordingly.
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